Detection of Gray Hole Attack in Software Defined Networks

Gray Hole Attack is an advanced transformation of black hole attack. Both of them are a common type of attack in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Malicious nodes may constantly or randomly drop packets and therefore reduce the efficiency of the networking system. Furthermore Software Define Network (SDN) has been highly developed in recent years. In this type of networks switch/router functionality is separated into the control plane and data plane. Network managers can select control policies and build operating rules according to their own preferences. In addition, network protocols and packet fields are also programmable. Because the switch/router only implements the data transmission and executes the switching/routing decisions based on commends coming from control plane. Compromised switches/routers themselves or malicious control instructions both can result in selectively dropped packets. This makes a gray hole attack possible in the infrastructure of SDN. Therefore, this paper would like to discuss time-base and random-base gray hole attack in SDN, and then propose a useful detection method based on weighted K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The simulation data collected from switches/routers indicate that our method does demonstrate pretty good performance

Seismic analysis of the condensate storage tank in a nuclear power plant

Following the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima Japan, seismic capacity evaluation has become a crucial issue in combination building safety. Condensate storage tanks are designed to supplies water to the condensate transfer pumps, the control rod drive hydraulic system pumps, and the condenser makeup. A separate connection to the condensate storage tank is used to supply water for the high pressure coolant injection system, reactor core isolation cooling system, and core spray system pumps. A condensate storage tank is defined as a seismic class I structure, playing the important role of providing flow to the operational system and the required static head for the suction of the condensate transfer pumps and the normal supply pump. According to the latest nuclear safety requirements, soil structure interaction must be considered in all seismic analyses. This study aims to rebuild the computer model of condensate storage tanks in Taiwan using the SAP 2000 program in conjunction with the lumped mass stick model and to evaluate the soil structure interaction by employing the SASSI 2000 program. The differences between the results with the soil structure interaction and spring model are compared via natural frequency and response spectrum curves. This computer model enables engineers to rapidly evaluate the safety margin of condensate storage tank following the occurrence of earthquakes or tsunamis

X(3872) in lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry

We investigate the mass spectrum of $1^{++}$ exotic mesons with quark content (\c\q\cbar\qbar) , using molecular and diquark-antidiquark operators, in quenched lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry. For the molecular operator \{(\qbar\gamma_i\c)(\cbar\gamma_5\q)- (\cbar\gamma_i\q)(\qbar\gamma_5\c) \} and the diquark-antidiquark operator \{(\q^T C \gi \c)(\qbar C \gamma_5 \cbar^T)-(\qbar C \gi^T \cbar^T)(\q^T C \gamma_5 \c) \} , both detect a resonance with mass around $3890 \pm 30$ MeV in the limit $m_q \to m_u$, which is naturally identified with $X(3872)$. Further, heavier exotic meson resonance with $J^{PC} = 1^{++}$ is also detected, with quark content (\c\s\cbar\sbar) around $4100 \pm 50$ MeV.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, v2: eq.(6) has been corrected, 4-charm operators are omitted, and references are update

Spatiotemporally Discriminative Video-Language Pre-Training with Text Grounding

Most of existing video-language pre-training methods focus on instance-level alignment between video clips and captions via global contrastive learning but neglect rich fine-grained local information, which is of importance to downstream tasks requiring temporal localization and semantic reasoning. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective video-language pre-training framework, namely G-ViLM, to learn discriminative spatiotemporal features. Two novel designs involving spatiotemporal grounding and temporal grouping promote learning local region-noun alignment and temporal-aware features simultaneously. Specifically, spatiotemporal grounding aggregates semantically similar video tokens and aligns them with noun phrases extracted from the caption to promote local region-noun correspondences. Moreover, temporal grouping leverages cut-and-paste to manually create temporal scene changes and then learns distinguishable features from different scenes. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that G-ViLM performs favorably against existing approaches on four representative downstream tasks, covering text-video retrieval, video question answering, video action recognition and temporal action localization. G-ViLM performs competitively on all evaluated tasks and in particular achieves R@10 of 65.1 on zero-shot MSR-VTT retrieval, over 9% higher than the state-of-the-art method

Pseudoscalar Meson in Two Flavors QCD with the Optimal Domain-Wall Fermion

We perform hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) simulatons of two flavors QCD with the optimal domain-wall fermion (ODWF) on the 16^3 x 32 lattice (with lattice spacing a ~ 0.1 fm), for eight sea-quark masses corresponding to pion masses in the range 228-565 MeV. We calculate the mass and the decay constant of the pseudoscalar meson, and compare our data with the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). We find that our data is in good agreement with the sea-quark mass dependence predicted by the next-to-leading order (NLO) ChPT, and provides a determination of the low-energy constants \bar{l}_3 and \bar{l}_4, the pion decay constant, the chiral condensate, and the average up and down quark mass.Comment: 12 pages, v2: updated results with full statistic

Cbl negatively regulates nlrp3 inflammasome activation through glut1-dependent glycolysis inhibition

Activation of the nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes is crucial for immune defense, but improper and excessive activation causes inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that Cbl plays a pivotal role in suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting Pyk2-mediated apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization. Here, we showed that Cbl dampened NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting glycolysis, as demonstrated with Cbl knockout cells and treatment with the Cbl inhibitor hydrocotarnine. We revealed that the inhibition of Cbl promoted caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion through a glycolysis-dependent mechanism. Inhibiting Cbl increased cellular glucose uptake, glycolytic capacity, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inhibiting Cbl increased glycolysis-dependent activation of mitochondrial respiration and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, which contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Mechanistically, inhibiting Cbl increased surface expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein through post-transcriptional regulation, which increased cellular glucose uptake and consequently raised glycolytic capacity, and in turn enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, our findings provide new insights into the role of Cbl in NLRP3 inflammasome regulation through GLUT1 downregulation. We also show that a novel Cbl inhibitor, hydrocortanine, increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity via its effect on glycolysis

Application of 2,3-Naphthalenediamine in Labeling Natural Carbohydrates for Capillary Electrophoresis

Neutral and acidic monosaccharide components in <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> polysaccharide are readily labeled with 2,3-naphthalenediamine, and the resulting saccharide-naphthimidazole (NAIM) derivatives are quantified by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in borate buffer. Using sulfated-α-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector, enantiomers of monosaccharide-NAIMs are resolved on CE in phosphate buffer, allowing a simultaneous determination of the absolute configuration and sugar composition in the mucilage polysaccharide of a medicinal herb<em> Dendrobium</em> <em>huoshanense</em>. Together with the specific enzymatic reactions of various glycoside hydrolases on the NAIM derivatives of glycans, the structures of natural glycans can be deduced from the digestion products identified by CE analysis. Though heparin dissachrides could be successfully derived with the NAIM-labeling method, the heparin derivatives with the same degree of sulfation could not be separated by CE